Nozzle



L. A. OHLINGER NOZZLE Nov. 12, 1940.

2 Sheet-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 2, 1939 'INVENTOR BY Z2 14. eb

ATTORNEY v L. A. OHLINGER NOZZLE Nov. 12, 1940.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Nov. 2, 1939 ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 12, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE NOZZLE Indiana Application November 2, 1939, Serial No. 302,533

6 Claims.

This invention relates to an improved nozzle for the discharge of liquid at high pressures and relates more particularly to an improved nozzle for the discharge of liquid with aminimum divergence of the liquid stream after emergence from the nozzle.

In connection with a number of operations, such as fire-fighting, etc., it is desirable to deliver a smooth stream of water at considerable 1 distance. This has been diflicult to attain due to. the fact that the water in passing through the nozzle, eddies and swirls, and as it is discharged from the nozzle, breaks into a spray or "brooms out.

have been proposed for decreasing the turbulency of the liquid in the nozzle with varying degrees of successful application.

It is an object of this invention to provide I a nozzle of improved design for the discharge of fluids at high pressures and/or high velocities in an unbroken jet. It is another object of this invention to provide a nozzle simple in design and economical to construct which willdischarge a stream of liquid for a considerable distance at high pressure without "breaking or "brooming ou A further object of this invention is to provide a nozzle which, by its design, will eliminate or reduce turbulence or eddying of the fluid stream passing therethrough. A still further object of this invention is to provide a nozzle which may be adjusted for variations in pressure of the fluid stream. Still another object of this invention 'is to provide a nozzle wherein straightening vanes are extended directly into a converging chamber for the collection of individual streamsof liquid into a single stream. Other objectsand advantages will become apparent as the description of my invention proceeds.

o The nozzle described herein is particularly applicable to hydraulic decoking. In the refining of petroleum oils, certain fractions are introduced into' large coking drums at elevated temperatures and the volatile matter distilled off,

45 until the drum is filled with a hard mass of coke.

Various means have been employed for the re- .moval of coke from the drums which may vary from 6 or 8 feet in diameter up to 16 or 20 feet in diameter or even more. The drums may be 50 filled with coils of cable before coking, so that pulling the cables will break up and dislodge the finished coke. Another proposed method is to blast out the coke. Recently the use of jets of water under high pressure has been employed. i for the removal of coke from drums. This has Many and varied remedies (Cl. 2991l3) been described for instance in the Oil 8: Gas J ournal 3'7, 27 (November 18, 1938) page 179. One of the difliculties in such a process is obtaining a nozzle which would project. a stream having a maximum concentration of the potential impact 5 force in order to obtain maximum cutting of the coke. Previous experiments have shown that at low pressures and low velocities, the eddying and rililing effects of internal shape, obstructions, im-

perfections, etc, were slight and the centrifugal 10 action of the stream components had little or no disrupting efiect on the stream. As the pressure, and hence velocity, are increased, the disruption increases, and the solid-bar-shaped jet begins to broom out and spread until the cone of di- 16 vergence of the existing stream becomes so great as to be ineffectual for cutting coke. Pressures (which is the line" pressure of the stream entering the nozzle) of from 1000 pounds per square inch to 3000 pounds per square inch are used, and 20 pressures above about 1200 pounds per square inch, for example, 1500 pounds per square inch, are preferred. My nozzle is particularly applicable, for such installations and for use at such pressures. 25

Referring to the drawings Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section of the nozzle assembly;

Figure 2 is a section taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a vertical section of the straightening vane assembly;

Figure 4 is a section taken on the line 44 of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a detailed section of the ring as- 35 sembly;

Figure 6, is a vertical section of the complete nozzle assembly;

Figure 7 is an alternate straightening vane section, shown in partial vertical section; and 40 Figure 8 is an alternative collecting cone, shown in vertical section.

The nozzle consists primarily of a straightening vane section 10 and a collecting cone H. Straightening vane section III is unique in that tubular straightening vanes I2 terminating at the outlet end on a conical surface are employed. Referring to Figures 3 and 6, straightening vane section II) is internally threaded at its inlet end for connection with a liquid supply which is, generally speaking, a hose or pipe having an ex-- ternally threaded portion adapted to cooperate with and be connected by the internal threads l3 of the straightening vane section III. Alternatively, the lowermost portion may be externally F will be described in more detail later.

' imparting turbulence to the entering liquid streamv -able needle point I 5.

The main body of straightening vane section l0 comprises tubular straightening vanes H2 located about a central spindle or shaft I4. The tubular straightening vanes may comprise a multitude of small diameter metallic tubes nested about a solid central spindle or may be machined from one solid bar by drilling a multitude of small holes close together, leaving a spindle in the center. All tubes I2, whether nested or bored from a solid block are tapered to a knife edge at both the inlet and outlet of the straightening vane section in order to avoid as far as possible or causing loss of energy of the liquid stream by direct obstruction and eddy currents. The tubular vanes terminate at the inlet end on a square surface and at the outlet end on a conical surface. Center spindle I4 is streamlined at the inlet for the same reason as the knife edge at the ends of the tubular vanes, the spindle extending beyond the inlet terminal surface of the tubular vanes and into the internally threaded section. At the outlet end spindle I4 may also be streamlined but preferably is supplied'with a remov- By the use of removable needle points, Worn out or bent points may be replaced easily, or points of other shape may be substituted. Spindle I4 can, therefore, be internally threaded at the outlet end and adapted to receive externally threaded stem I6 of needle I5. Spindle I4 centrally located, is necessary in.

order to avoid imparting eddy currents or turbulence to the stream in the converging chamber due to the direct flow of the water which might occur if the spindle I4 were replaced by an open tube.

The collecting tube may comprise a section internally threaded at its lower portion to cooperate with exterior threads I! of straightening vane section II). The collecting cone section has an internal conical shaped section for the collection and convergence of the plurality of small streams from the tubular vanes I2 of straightening vane section I0. As illustrated in Figures 1 and 6, the conical collecting section I8 may be in the form of a truncated cone, the narrowest portion of which terminates below spindle I l and if desired below at least a portion of the openings of tubular vanes I2. Above the truncated cone section I8 are added removable discs 2| having center openings with bevelled edges, the opening in each succeeding disc decreasing to the extent that the conical section is tapered to the orifice. Collecting cone section II is externally threaded to receive the internally threaded portion of holding cap I9. Bushing 20 in collecting cone piece I! makes for a sliding fit about straightening vane section ill. By the use of removable discs, the orifice size may be changed by sub-stituting discs of various openings without replacing the entire collecting cone.

Removable discs 2| are topped by a removable straight tube orifice section 22 of lesser diameter than removable discs 2i so that shoulders 23 in Above the nut-.

As illustrated in Figure 5, discs 2| may be held firmly together by means of pegs 24 which fit slidably in cooperating openings 25 in the preceding disc.

An alternate shape for the conical surface of straightening vane section I0 is shown in Figure 7 wherein the outermost row ofv tubes I2 at the outlet end are cut off with a square'end shoulder rather than on the conical surface as are the balance of the tubes. This alternate shape may be used to fix a minimum size of collecting chamber.

Another form of collecting cone section is shown in Figure 8. In this design them is no adjustment of the orifice size or shape by the use of discs and orifice sections, the conical section being designed to function in the most efiicient manner possible for a given pressure of the fluid in a given location. It should be pointed out (as will be discussed in more detail) that it is possible to vary the volume ofthe converging chamber between the conical surface of the tubular vanes and the conical surface of the collecting cone Ila by varying the position of the collecting cone Ila above the straightening vane section II]. This may be done by varying the distance to which the collecting cone I la is screwed on straightening vane section I0. This position may be maintained by locking collecting cone piece I Id in position by a set screw (not shown).

In assembling this nozzle a needle I5 of the proper shape and size to correspond with the converging chamber of collection cone II and the.

are then added one above the other, each succeeding disc decreasing the diameter of the aperture and being held firmly, one to the other, by pressing pins 24 into openings 25. Other means for orientation may be used, and are well known in the art. Above the last removable disc is added the removable straight tube orifice section 22. The holding cap I9 is then threadably attached .to collecting cone piece I l and anchored in place firmly. The assembly may then be attached by threads I3 to the threaded portion of the liquid source (not shown) By experimentation on a commercial scale, it has been found important that the spindle at. its widest diameter should be at least equal in diameter to the orifice opening. The needle point may terminate within the cone as illustrated or may extend beyond the orifice a slight distance. It has been found that by using a straightening vane section having tubular vanes and terminating the vanes on a conical surface corresponding in angle essentially to the conical surface of the collecting cone and forming therebetween a small converging chamber, it is possible to maintain the straightening'action of the vanes up to the last possible moment and avoid turbulence or brooming out.of the liquid stream beyond the orifice. It was found that in this manner a pencil stream of greater force might be maintained for a more considerable distance than was possible with nozzles of various other commercial designs presumably adapted'for the purpose. The design of the nozzle permits the collection of the plurality of small streams emerging from the vanes uniformly and without the reintroduction of eddy currents. This nozzle'also has the additional advantage that it is adjustable on the body of the assembly so that the volumetric size of the converging chamber may be changed. It is also possible to adjust the outlet orifice to obtain a range of outlet sizes and also permits the addition of an internally streamlined extension to provide further straightening action where rebound beyond the vena contracta of the stream enlarges the stream. The design of this nozzle permits smooth unobstructed passages, and the elimination of pockets which produce eddy currents and reduce the efliciency of the stream.

While I have described my invention by reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof it is to be understood that these are by way of example rather than by way of limitation and my invention is not to be restricted thereto except as defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A nozzle having walls-forming a converging chamber having a substantially conical inner surface and provided with an outlet, a straightening vane section comprising a plurality of conduits substantially parallel to each other, said conduits extending into said converging chamber and terminating in a substantially conical surface substantially parallel to the inner surface of the conical converging chamber, and means for holding the conduits of said straightening vane section in said position with relation to the inner surface of said converging chamber.

2. A nozzle as defined by claim 1 which includes a solid streamlined spindle in the center of said straightening vane section.

3. A nozzle as defined by claim 1 wherein the ends of the conduits are provided with knife edges.

4. A nozzle as defined by claim 1 wherein the ends of the conduits are provided with knife edges which nozzle includes a solid streamlined spindle in the center of the straightening vane section.

5. A nozzle comprising in combination a straightening vane section comprising tubular vanes about a central spindle, said tubular vanes terminating on a conical surface at the outlet end, and saidcentralspindle extending beyond said tubular vanes at the inlet end in streamline form, a collecting cone having an interior conical surface defining a passageway in threaded engagement with said straightening vane section, removable discs above said collecting cone having bevelled surfaces centrally located for defining a continuation of said conical passageway, a removable orifice above said discs, and a holding cap in threaded engagement with said collecting cone and encompassing said discs and said orifice.

6. In a nozzle comprising a straightening vane section prior to a converging section of conical shape, the improvement comprising extending the straightening valnes into said converging section, said vanes terminating on a surface parallel to the surface of said converging section.

LEO A. .OHLINGER. 

